Our Publications
我們的文章關注並致力於提升兒童與青少年的整體健康。
Featured Papers
2025
Problematic Gaming and Self-Control Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking
·
01 May 2025
要點精選
- 自控力越低，越容易遊戲成癮。在此項研究中，絕大多數（44/46篇）數據支持了這一點。
- 幫助年輕人學會自我調節，可以減少沉迷遊戲。
- 自控力低與遊戲成癮的現象，在18歲以下以及18-25歲的人身上很相似，意味著干預措施將對大多數年輕人都有用。
- 來自亞洲（如中國、韓國）的研究最多，可能是這些地區更重視自律和遊戲成癮問題。
Research Highlights
- Poor self-control = higher risk of gaming addiction — 44 out of 46 studies agree.
- Teaching self-management skills could help reduce gaming addiction in youth.
- Teens (<18) and young adults (18-25) show similar risks, so prevention strategies can cover both groups.
- Most studies are from Asia (e.g., China, Korea) — where self-discipline is valued and gaming addiction is a big concern.
Effects of Web-Based Single-Session Growth Mindset Interventions for Reducing Adolescent Anxiety: Four-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial.
JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting
·
18 Apr 2025
要點精選
- 四種網上單次干預均有效減輕中學生的焦慮與抑鬱症狀，效果持續至少8週。
- 各種方法效果相近，亦均為低成本、易於推行、學生接受度高（超過六成學生認為有幫助）。
- 以下學生改善幅度最大：原本焦慮程度較高、情緒觀較固定、希望能夠改善現狀。
- 實用建議：這些簡短的網上心理健康工具可在學校內輕鬆實施，尤其適合對較少主動求助的學生進行早期支援。
Research Highlights
- All four web-based 45-minute sessions reduced anxiety and depression in secondary students, with effects lasting at least 8 weeks.
- No one method outperformed others, but all were low-cost, scalable, and well-received (over 60% found them helpful and acceptable).
- Best results were seen in students with: higher anxiety, fixed mindset, motivation to improve.
- Practical use: These brief, online tools can support student mental health early. They are easy to deliver in school and useful for those reluctant to seek help.
Efficacy of a Web-Based Integrated Growth Mindset Intervention on Reducing Anxiety Among Social Work and Counseling Practicum Trainees: Protocol for a 2-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.
JMIR Research Protocols
·
27 Mar 2025
要點精選
- 專為社工學生設計｜解決實習焦慮的We-SMILE網絡項目
- 四大特色
- 45分鐘見效：一個午餐的時間就能學，可直接插入現有培訓
- 3個實用心法：「能力可成長」、「失敗是學習」、「情緒能管理」
- 真實需求設計：學生焦慮點 + 督導經驗 = 最接地氣的內容
- 推行直接簡單：免經費免設備，看完馬上用
- 老師/督導的好處：學生焦慮減少 → 實習初期更順利。學生準備度提升 → 督導更省力。隨插即用 → 不改現有培訓流程。
Research Highlights
- For Social Work Students｜Online Project We-SMILE to Ease Practicum Anxiety
- Key Features
- 45-Minute Magic: Fits into lunch breaks, easily integrates into existing training
- 3 Powerful Mindsets: "Skills grow", "Failures teach", "Emotions can be managed"
- Real Needs-Driven: Co-designed with students & supervisors for practical solutions
- Easy Implementation: No budget/equipment needed, ready-to-use
- Benefits for Educators/Supervisors：
- Less student anxiety → Smoother practicum experience.
- Enhance student readiness → Less supervision pressure.
- Plug-and-play → No extra training procedure.
Facilitators and Barriers to Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Adolescents and Young Adults: Scoping Review.
Journal of Medical Internet Research
·
24 Mar 2025
要點精選
- 青少年視角｜接觸數字心理健康干預的促進和障礙
- 數字心理健康干預的接受程度主要取決於質量和效果。
- 研究從外部環境（如能否融入學校體系、社會是否普遍認可）、干預服務（如設計是否符合需求、使用時間是否靈活）、個體因素（如是否覺需要幫助、是否擔心隱私洩露）三個層面共識別14項促進因子與13項障礙因子。
- 提升青少年接受度的實踐建議：
- 以用戶為中心：設計工具時要真正理解並滿足青少年的需求；
- 混合服務模式：將數字干預工具和傳統的面對面心理服務結合起來；
- 靈活個性化選項：讓用戶可以根據自己的喜好和情況調整工具的使用方式。
Research Highlights
- The acceptance of digital mental health interventions primarily depends on their quality and effect.
- In terms of acceptability, we have identified 14 facilitators and 13 barriers across three levels: the external environment (e.g., whether the intervention can be integrated into the school system, or whether it is socially accepted), the intervention itself (e.g., whether the design meets user needs, or whether it allows flexible usage), and individual factors (e.g., whether the individual perceives a need for help, or whether there are concerns about privacy breaches).
- Practical recommendations for enhancing adolescent acceptance:
- User-centred: Interventions should be designed with a deep understanding of and responsiveness to adolescents’ needs;
- Blended service model: Combine digital intervention tools with traditional face-to-face mental health services;
- Offer flexible and personalised options: Allow users to tailor how they engage with the intervention based on their preferences and circumstances.
Reciprocal Relationship Between Self-Control Belief and Gaming Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Longitudinal Survey Study.
JMIR Serious Games
·
15 Jan 2025
要點精選
- 學生對自我控制的信念會影響其遊戲行為。認為「自我控制無法改變」的學生，較容易在一年後出現更嚴重的遊戲成癮傾向。
- 女生若具備「自我控制可以提升」的成長型思維，遊戲成癮症狀有明顯下降；男生則主要表現為遊戲成癮削弱其自我控制信念。
- 自我控制信念是可改變的這一理念，可透過校園教育或輔導活動進行強化，作為預防或干預遊戲成癮的切入點。
Research Highlights
- Students’ beliefs about self-control influence their gaming behaviour. Those who believe that self-control cannot change are more likely to develop more severe gaming addiction symptoms after one year.
- Girls with a growth mindset—believing that self-control can be improved—show a clear reduction in gaming addiction symptoms; for boys, gaming addiction tends to weaken their belief in self-control.
- The idea that self-control beliefs can be changed can be reinforced through school-based education or counselling activities, serving as an entry point for preventing or intervening in gaming addiction.
2024
Effects of a Parent-Child Single-Session Growth Mindset Intervention on Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: Protocol of a 3-Arm Waitlist Randomized Controlled Trial.
PLoS One
·
30 Aug 2024
要點精選
- 這是一項 45 分鐘，親子共同參與的網上心態教育項目（PC‑SMILE），旨在改變對智力、失敗與情緒的信念。
- 共有三組比較試驗，549個家庭參與，分為：親子共同參與；只有孩子參與；對照組。
- 主要關注學生心理健康，了解學生的憂鬱、焦慮、自信心，以及親子互動情況，為期3個月。
- 同時改變學生與家長的心態，可能更有效預防青少年情緒困擾。若證實有效，將是低成本、易推廣的家庭與校園干預工具。
Research Highlights
- This is a 45-minute online mindset education project (PC‑SMILE) involving both parents and children, aimed at changing beliefs about intelligence, failure, and emotions.
- The study includes a three-group randomized trial with 549 participating families: Parent–child joint participation. Child-only participation. Waitlist control group.
- The main focus is on student mental health, including depression, anxiety, self-confidence, and parent–child interaction over a 3-month period.
- Simultaneously shifting the mindsets of both students and parents may more effectively prevent youth emotional distress. If proven effective, this will be a low-cost, scalable intervention for families and schools.
Unpacking the Myth in the Associations Between Self-control and Gaming Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Comparison Between Traditional and Random Intercept Cross-lagged Panel Model Analyses.
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
·
08 Apr 2024
要點精選
- 使用將個體間和個體內的方差分離的分析方法，結果顯示自我控制與遊戲障礙之間沒有因果性關係，即自我控制既不是兒童和青少年遊戲障礙的原因，也不是他們遊戲障礙的結果。
- 我們推測一些因素構成低自我控制和遊戲障礙的共同潛在原因。首先，個人特徵（包括與這些特徵相關的性格特徵和遺傳因素）可能是共同原因。其次，長期的個人內部和環境因素可能解釋目前發現的自我控制與遊戲障礙之間穩定的個體間關聯。
- 單純改善自我控制的干預措施可能無法阻止或預防青少年遊戲障礙的發展，其他共同因素或共病情況值得注意。
Research Highlights
- Using analysis which disaggregated the between-person and within-person variances, this study revealed no prospective relationship between self-control and gaming disorder, indicating that self-control was neither the cause nor the result of gaming disorder in children and adolescents.
- There are some speculations about what may serve as the common underlying cause of low self-control and gaming disorder. First, personal characteristics, such as personality traits and genetics linked to these traits, may serve as common causes. Second, chronic intrapersonal and environmental factors may account for the currently identified stable between-person associations between self-control and gaming disorder.
- Interventions to improve self-control alone might not stop or prevent the development of gaming disorder among youths. Other common factors or comorbidities are worth noting.
2023
Single-session Intervention on Growth Mindset on Negative Emotions for University Student Mental Health (U-SIGMA): A protocol of Two-armed Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trials
·
08 Nov 2023
要點精選
- 這是一項 45 分鐘的網上項目，向學生傳遞「情緒是可改變的」這一信念，共有 1,757 名中學生參與。
- 被试隨機分配為兩組：干預組參與情緒成長心態項目，對照組觀看與情緒無關的學習技巧影片。
- 在 3 個月內，干預組學生的憂鬱與焦慮症狀略有下降，尤其對原本心理困擾較多、且相信情緒無法改變的學生效果更明顯。
- 這種低成本、易推廣的方案，可作為學校早期心理健康支援工具，特別適合幫助那些有情緒困擾、或尚未主動尋求協助的學生。
Research Highlights
- This is a 45-minute online project designed to convey the belief that "emotions can change," involving 1,757 secondary school students.
- Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Intervention group: received the emotion mindset session. Control group: viewed a neutral study-skills video.
- Over a 3-month period, students in the intervention group showed slight reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms, with stronger effects among those who were more distressed and believed emotions were fixed.
- This low-cost, easily scalable program can serve as an early mental health support tool in schools, especially for students experiencing emotional difficulties or not yet seeking help.
Unravelling the intricacies between gaming motivation and internet gaming disorder symptoms in adolescents: A network analysis of two-year healthy and deteriorating transition profiles.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
·
21 Oct 2023
要點精選
- 並非所有遊戲動機都是「有害的」，部分動機（例如：提升能力、日常放鬆）對青少年来說是有益的。
- 當遊戲成為逃避現實或過度沉迷的出口時，更容易引發網絡遊戲障礙。
- 對於遊戲行為逐漸惡化的青少年，單純限制遊戲時間未必有效。更重要的是了解其背後的遊戲動機，並協助他們在現實生活中建立成就感與自信心。
- 引導青少年發展正向的遊戲動機很重要，例如透過遊戲學習策略思維、團隊合作與解難能力，而不是單純沉迷於虛擬世界來逃避情緒或學業壓力。
Research Highlights
- Not all gaming motivations are harmful—some (like improving skills or daily relaxation) may even be beneficial.
- When games are used to escape reality or when preoccupation dominates, the risk of disorder increases.
- For adolescents with worsening gaming issues, simply limiting screen time may not help. It's more effective to address why they play and support healthier alternatives (e.g., helping them find real-life goals or confidence).
- Encouraging healthy gaming motivations is important, such as learning strategies or teamwork through games, rather than letting gaming become an escape from emotional or academic challenges.
Examination of Web-Based Single-Session Growth Mindset Interventions for Reducing Adolescent Anxiety: Study Protocol of a 3-Arm Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.
JMIR Research Protocols
·
17 Mar 2023
要點精選
- 針對學生焦慮，比較兩種 45 分鐘的網上項目：SIGMA（針對情緒的成長心態）和SSI-GP（針對人格的成長心態），與一個積極對照組進行比較。
- 參與者共有 549 名中學生（年齡 12 至 16 歲），於干預前、干預後第 2 週和第 8 週接受評估。
- 重點關注學生在焦慮、心理健康感、無助感以及求助態度上的變化。
- 此研究旨在提供一套可擴展、易推行、低成本的學校心理健康支援工具。
Research Highlights
- To address student anxiety, the study compares two 45-minute web-based sessions: SIGMA (focused on mindset about emotions) and SSI-GP (focused on mindset about personality), and an active control group.
- A total of 549 secondary school students (ages 12 to 16) participated, with assessments conducted before the intervention, and again at 2 and 8 weeks after.
- The study focuses on changes in anxiety, sense of well-being, hopelessness, and help-seeking attitudes.
- It aims to provide a scalable, easy-to-implement, and low-cost mental health support tool for schools.
Risk and Protective Factors in Suicidal Behaviour among Young People in Hong Kong: A Comparison Study between Children and Adolescents.
Psychiatry Research
·
01 Mar 2023
要點精選
- 本研究測試一項針對中國青少年情緒成長心態的網上項目，旨在幫助 12 至 16 歲青少年建立「情緒是可改變的」信念。
- 採用隨機對照試驗設計，共有 2,149 名學生參與。
- 結果顯示，在 9 週內，干預組學生的焦慮與抑鬱症狀有小幅但顯著的下降，尤其是原本情緒困擾較多、且相信情緒無法改變的學生。
- 此干預方式成本低、可以自主完成，適合學校用作早期心理健康支援，特別有助於暫未主動求助的學生。
Research Highlights
- This study tested a brief, web-based intervention designed to help Chinese adolescents (aged 12–16) develop belief that emotions can change and improve over time.
- The intervention was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial with 2,149 students.
- Results showed small but significant reductions in anxiety and depression over 9 weeks, especially among students who initially had high emotional distress and believed emotions were fixed.
- The intervention is low-cost, self-guided, and suitable for use in school settings to provide early mental health support for students who may not seek help on their own.
2022
What Matters for Adolescent Suicidality: Depressive Symptoms or Fixed Mindsets? Examination of Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Fixed Mindsets and Suicidal Ideation.
Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior
·
10 Jun 2022
要點精選
- 這項研究針對 2,800 多名中國青少年進行調研，發現固定心態（如認為個性、情緒或能力無法改變）與自殺意念高度相關，甚至比憂鬱症狀的關聯性更強。
- 同時具有高憂鬱症狀與固定心態的學生，其自殺風險最高，顯示心態在其中扮演重要調節角色。
- 值得注意的是，即使在有憂鬱傾向的學生中，具備成長型心態（相信改變是可能的）者，其自殺風險也顯著較低。
- 結論指出，教授成長心態的課程有潛力作為學校中預防自殺的早期干預策略。
Research Highlights
- The study examined over 2,800 Chinese adolescents and found that fixed mindsets—believing personal traits, emotions, or abilities cannot change—were strongly linked to suicidal ideation, even more than depressive symptoms.
- Students with both high depressive symptoms and fixed mindsets had the highest risk for suicidal thoughts, suggesting that mindset plays a key moderating role.
- Importantly, growth mindset beliefs (i.e. believing change is possible) were associated with lower suicidality, even among students with depression.
- Findings suggest that teaching growth mindsets may serve as an early intervention strategy in schools to reduce suicide risk.
2021
The Changes of Suicidal Ideation Status Among Young People in Hong Kong During COVID-19: A Longitudinal Survey.
Journal of Affective Disorders
·
01 Nov 2021
要點精選
- 本研究針對逾 5,000 名美國青少年，開展一項簡短的網上項目，旨在幫助學生建立「情緒是可改變的」信念。
- 參與該課程的學生在憂鬱、焦慮與行為問題上皆顯著低於對照組。
- 項目效果對於那些原本情緒困擾較高的學生尤其明顯，且該項目也降低了學生壓抑情緒的傾向。
- 此類低成本、易推廣的心態干預課程，有助學校促進青少年心理健康與情緒韌性。
Research Highlights
- This study tested a brief online intervention designed to help adolescents believe that emotions can change. The sample included over 5,000 students from the U.S.
- Results showed that students who received the emotion mindset intervention reported lower levels of depression, anxiety, and conduct problems compared to those in the control group.
- The positive effects were especially strong for students who initially had higher emotional distress, and the intervention also reduced students’ tendency to suppress emotions.
- These findings support the use of low-cost, scalable mindset-based interventions in schools to promote adolescent mental health and emotional resilience.
Leisure and Problem Gaming Behaviors Among Children and Adolescents During School Closures Caused by COVID-19 in Hong Kong: Quantitative Cross-Sectional Survey Study.
JMIR Serious Games
·
07 May 2021
要點精選
- 疫情停課期間，超過八成香港青少年有打機行為；其中約兩成過度打機，5% 有成癮傾向。
- 孤獨感會影響打機行為，尤其是高年級的女生，這部分可能與焦慮與抑鬱有關。
- 家長支持與監督可減少打機問題，特別對小學生效果明顯。
- 預防建議包括：減少學生孤獨感、關注心理健康，以及鼓勵家長參與。
Research Highlights
- During school closures, over 80% of Hong Kong youth played games; about 1 in 5 played excessively, and 1 in 20 showed signs of gaming addiction.
- Loneliness was linked to problematic gaming, especially among older girls—but this link was partly explained by anxiety and depression.
- Parental support and supervision reduced gaming problems, particularly for primary school students.
- Prevention should focus on reducing loneliness, supporting mental health, and encouraging parent involvement.
All
2025
Young People's Social Withdrawal Intention During COVID-19 in Hong Kong: A Three-wave Longitudinal Study.
Journal of Psychiatric Research
·
01 Jun 2025
Problematic Gaming and Self-Control Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking
·
01 May 2025
Effects of Web-Based Single-Session Growth Mindset Interventions for Reducing Adolescent Anxiety: Four-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial.
JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting
·
18 Apr 2025
Facilitators and Barriers to Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Adolescents and Young Adults: Scoping Review.
Journal of Medical Internet Research
·
24 Mar 2025
Reciprocal Relationship Between Self-Control Belief and Gaming Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Longitudinal Survey Study.
JMIR Serious Games
·
15 Jan 2025
2024
Predictors and Mediators of Work-related Stress Among Hong Kong Police Officers: a Quantitative Secondary Survey Data Analysis.
Policing: An International Journal
·
10 Jul 2024
Unpacking the Myth in the Associations Between Self-control and Gaming Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Comparison Between Traditional and Random Intercept Cross-lagged Panel Model Analyses.
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
·
08 Apr 2024
Burbidge_Feb2024_IBMSchoolTransition.
Center for Open Science
·
27 Feb 2024
The Effect of Cultural Confidence on Mental Health: the Mediating Role of Growth Mindset.
Journal of Liaoning Normal University (Social Science Edition)
·
20 Jan 2024
2023
Unravelling the intricacies between gaming motivation and internet gaming disorder symptoms in adolescents: A network analysis of two-year healthy and deteriorating transition profiles.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
·
21 Oct 2023
Risk and Protective Factors in Suicidal Behaviour among Young People in Hong Kong: A Comparison Study between Children and Adolescents.
Psychiatry Research
·
01 Mar 2023
2022
What Matters for Adolescent Suicidality: Depressive Symptoms or Fixed Mindsets? Examination of Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Fixed Mindsets and Suicidal Ideation.
Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior
·
10 Jun 2022
2021
The Changes of Suicidal Ideation Status Among Young People in Hong Kong During COVID-19: A Longitudinal Survey.
Journal of Affective Disorders
·
01 Nov 2021
Work-Family Conflicts, Stress, and Turnover Intention Among Hong Kong Police Officers Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Police Quarterly
·
08 Aug 2021
Psychometric Properties of the Mindsets of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (MDASS) in Chinese Young Adults and Adolescents.
Early Intervention in Psychiatry
·
30 May 2021
Investigating Prolonged Social Withdrawal Behaviour as a Risk Factor for Self-Harm and Suicidal Behaviours.
BJPsych Open
·
30 Apr 2021
Impacts on Children and Adolescents’ Lifestyle, Social Support and Their Association With Negative Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
·
29 Apr 2021
An Evaluation of a Pilot Counselling Model in Hong Kong for Individuals With Mild-to-Moderate Psychological Issues.
British Journal of Guidance & Counselling
·
19 Apr 2021
2020
The Effectiveness of an Attachment-Based Parenting Programme for Parents in Hong Kong.
China Journal of Social Work
·
16 Dec 2020
Cognition Malleability Belief, Emotion Regulation and Adolescent Well-Being: Examining a Mediation Model Among Migrant Youth.
Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine
·
17 Aug 2020
Domain Specificity or Generality: Assessing the Chinese Implicit Theories Scale of Six Fundamental Psychological Attributes.
Frontiers in Psychology
·
11 Feb 2020
2018
The Longer-Term Psychosocial Development of Adolescents: Child Development Accounts and the Role of Mentoring.
Frontiers in Pediatrics
·
23 May 2018
2017
The Development of Self-Esteem and the Role of Agency and Communion: A Longitudinal Study Among Chinese.
Journal of Child and Family Studies
·
10 Nov 2017
2016
Health-Related Behaviours and Mental Health in Hong Kong Employees.
Occupational Medicine
·
05 Oct 2016
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours Associated With Mental Illness Among the Working Population in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Telephone Survey.
International Journal of Culture and Mental Health
·
29 Jun 2016
2015
An Ecological Analysis of Secondary School Students’ Drug Use in Hong Kong: A Case-Control Study.
International Journal of Social Psychiatry
·
09 Jun 2015
Possible Selves, Strategies and Perceived Likelihood Among Adolescents in Hong Kong: Desire and Concern.
International Journal of Adolescence and Youth
·
23 Apr 2015
2014
Will I Get There? Effects of Parental Support on Children’s Possible Selves.
British Journal of Educational Psychology
·
16 Jun 2014
2013
Mental Health Care Reforms in Asia: The Urgency of Now: Building a Recovery-Oriented, Community Mental Health Service in China.
Psychiatric Services
·
01 Jul 2013
“Possible Selves”: Concept and Applications for Individuals in Recovery from Mental Health Problemss.
Asian Health Care Journal
·
01 Jan 2013